Questions For

Advanced Biology

2005-2006
J. Bayer and C. Ramcke

 

Welcome to Advanced Biology!

This course, or a modified version of it, has been taught at PHS since 1987. The course is designed around the Advanced Placement Biology curriculum and was originally designed to help students pass the AP Biology test that is given in May. Today this course has evolved into a course that focuses more on advanced biology topics, with less emphasis on the AP exam. The AP test is optional. We would encourage any student to take it who is interested, but please be alert to the fact that we may not complete all of the mandatory AP Biology labs before the test, or cover all of the material to completely prepare you for the test.  Because course enrollment and the number of sections has grown dramatically we have had to modify the program for available lab space, and period length. The textbook we will be using this year is BIOLOGY, 6th Edition by Neil A. Campbell and Jane B. Reece.

 

Please be sure you want to be in this class. It is not for everyone. It is an honors class, so expect to put in extra time, and work a little harder than most other classes. It does include animal dissections and you are expected to participate in the dissections (or an alternative). Similarly, you may see film of animal experiments. The course does have a strong evolutionary theme. An evolutionary perspective is very important in 21st century biology. We will be discussing current issues in biology including the controversial areas surround biotechnology and human reproduction.

 

Major tests are given when we finish each of the three major units. However, expect weekly quizzes. Assignments need to be turned in a timely manor, otherwise expect to loose points. Attendance is extremely important. If you are not in class don't expect to do well. Attendance is particularly important toward the end of the school year.

 

Daily routine. We will be looking at biology through 37 questions. These questions are on this web page. Click on the question and a transparency will appear. This is the transparency that will be discussed in class. It does not usually have a direct answer to the question; it does have information to help you construct an answer to the question. You will need to read the textbook, take some notes, and print the transparency from the web site (store these in a binder). COME TO CLASS PREPARED. The best way to do this is read the book, take notes, have a copy of the transparency for the question under discussion. The grading scale for the class is 100-90 =A; 89-80 =B, 79-70 =C, 69-60=D, <60=F.

 

You are responsible for learning the questions and answers. There is usually not one "right" answer to these questions, but several, or several parts to an answer. And, of course there are many, many wrong answers. Textbook page numbers that will help you answer these questions are in brackets [ ] at the end of each question. Click on the question and you will get the information that is on the transparency we use in class. Don’t limit yourself to the textbook pages. Look elsewhere. We have provided web sites that will add information, give you a different perspective, or enrich the topic. As you construct answers to these questions list any other references you find at the end of each answer. Answers need to be kept in a notebook (=3-ring binder) in the sequence they are currently in. Keeping this notebook up to date is important. You should also place handouts in the 3-ring binder

 

An online resource for quick information is the On-Line Biology Book. This electronic textbook contains chapters that will be very useful in helping you answer the questions on this list. We have included links to specific parts of this site also. Please help us maintain the links, if you find a broken one please report it to an instructor. For biology (science) news stories an excellent source is the Science Daily web site. They have new stories each day [Monday-Friday].

 

When answering each question look for the following themes, these may be obvious or cryptic, or they may not apply at all to any given question. The themes you should look for are:

SCIENCE AS A PROCESS
EVOLUTION
ENERGY TRANSFER
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE
RELATIONSHIP OF STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION
REGULATION
INTERDEPENDENCE IN NATURE
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

 

 

Questions For Advanced Biology

 

Molecules and Cells

 

  1. How do the unique chemical and physical properties of water and carbon make life on earth possible? [Chapters 3 and 4]

 

  1. How do the structures of biologically important molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) account for their functions? How are these molecules synthesized and broken down? How does the structure of an enzyme determine its specificity? And, how are enzymes regulated? [Chapter 5] 

 

  1. How do the Laws of Thermodynamics relate to the biochemical processes that provide energy to living systems? [Chapter 6]

 

  1. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. And, what is the evidence that prokaryotic cells are ancestral to eukaryotic cells? [Chapters 7 and 28]

 

  1. What is the current model for the molecular architecture of cell membranes and  what are the various mechanisms by which substances cross cell membranes? {Chapter 8]

 

  1. How does the membrane structure provide for cell compartmentalization and communication; what specializations can be found in membranes for communication and other functions? [Chapter 7 and 8]\

 

  1. How does the structure compliment the function in cellular organelles? And how do cellular organelles work together? [Chapter 7]

 

  1. What factors limit cell size?

 

  1. What is the role of ATP in coupling the cell’s anabolic and catabolic processes?  [Chapter 6]. And, how does chemiosmosis function in bioenergetics? [Chapters 9 and 10].

 

  1. How are organic molecules broken down by catabolic pathways? And what is the role of oxygen in energy yielding pathways? And, how do cells generate ATP in the absence of oxygen?  [Chapter 9]

 

 

  1. How does photosynthesis convert light energy into chemical energy? How are the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis coupled? And, how have plants adapted the process of photosynthesis to different environmental conditions? [Chapter 10]

 

  1. What are the interactions between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? [Chapter 54]

 

 

UNIT TEST HERE

 

Genetics and Evolution

 

  1. How does the cell cycle assure genetic continuity and allow for even distribution of genetic information? And, how is the cell cycle regulated, and how can aberrations in the cell cycle lead to tumor formation? [Chapter 12]

 

 

  1. What features of meiosis are important in sexual reproduction? And, how does meiosis relate to genetics? [Chapter 13]

 

  1. Compare and contrast gametogenesis in plants and animals. And, be able to discuss the significance of alternation of generations and its significance. [See page 238]

 

  1. Explain the organization of genetic information in a eukaryotic chromosome and discuss how this organization contributes to the continuity and variability of the genetic information? [pages 354-356, chapter 15]

 

  1. How did Mendel’s work lay the foundation of modern genetics and what are the principal patterns of inheritance? [Chapter 14]

  1. How do the structures of nucleic acids relate to their functions of information storage and protein synthesis? [Chapters 16 and 17]

 

 

  1. Compare and contrast viral, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, and describe some mechanisms by which gene expression is regulated in each of these cells. [Chapters 18 and 19]

  1. In what ways can genetic information be altered, and what are the effects of the alteration? [Chapters 15, 17, 19]

 

  1. What are some current DNA recombinant technologies, and some practical applications of nucleic acid technology? And, what legal and ethical problems are associated with this technology. [Chapter 20]

 

  1. What types of evidence support an evolutionary view of life? [Chapter 22]

 

  1. What is the role of natural selection in evolution? [Chapter 22]

 

  1. How are heredity and natural selection involved in the process of evolution? [Chapter 23]

 

  1. What mechanisms account for speciation and macroevolution? And, what patterns are produced by these mechanisms ? [Chapter 24]

 

  1. How do scientists study evolutionary relationships, and how is this information used in classification? Give some specific evidence that a group of animals are related to each other. [Chapter 25]

 

  1. What are the current models for the origin of biological macromolecules, prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic cells? [Chapters 26 and 27]

 

 

Unit Test Here

 

Organisms and Populations

 

  1. Biodiversity. What are representative organisms from the kingdoms Monera. Fungi, Protista, and Animalia; what are the distinguishing characteristics of each, and what are the major body plans exhibited in plants and animals? [Chapters 27 to 34]

 

 

  1. What patterns of reproduction and development are found in plants and animals and how are they regulated? [Chapters 38 and 46]

 

  1. How are structure and function related in various organ systems, and how do these organ systems interact with each other?

 

  1. What adaptive features have contributed to the success of plants and animals on land? [Chapter 29 and Chapter 34]

 

  1. What are the responses of plants and animals to environmental cues and how do hormones mediate them? [Chapters 39 and 45]

 

Ecology

 

  1. What models are useful in describing the growth of a population? [pages 1158-1163]

 

  1. How is population size regulated by abiotic and biotic factors? [pages 1163-1172]

 

  1. How is energy flow through an ecosystem related to trophic structure? [Chapter 54]

 

  1. How do elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen) and water cycle through ecosystems? How do organisms effect these cycles? And, how do humans impact these biogeochemical cycles? [Chapter 54]

 

  1. How do biotic and abiotic factors affect community structure and ecosystem function? [Chapters 53 and 54]

 

Unit Test Here

 

 

 

 

John C. Murphy

           Science

Phone:  (815) 436-3200, ext. 2120

 

jmurphy@psd202.org

 


 

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