Question 29
What patterns of reproduction and development are found in plants and animals and how are they regulated? [Chapters 38 and 46]
Plants
Sexual Reproduction (pages 783-794)
1. Sporophyte and gametophyte generations alternate in the life cycles of plants.
2. Flowers are specialized shoots bearing the reproductive organs of the angiosperm sporophyte.
3. Male and female gametophytes develop within anthers and ovaries respectively; pollination brings them together.
4. Plants have various mechanisms that prevent self pollination.
5. Double fertilization gives rise to the zygote and to the endosperm.
6. The ovule develops into a seed containing an embryo and a supply of nutrients (the endosperm).
7. The ovary develops into a fruit adapted for seed dispersal.
8. Evolutionary adaptations of seed germination contribute to seedling survival.
Asexual Reproduction (pages 794-797)
1. Many plants clone themselves by asexual reproduction.
2. Sexual and asexual reproduction are complementary in the life histories of many plants.
3. Vegetative propagation of plants is common in agriculture.
Animals
Overview (pages 975-978)
1. Both asexual and sexual reproduction occurs in the animal kingdom.
2. Diverse mechanisms of asexual reproduction enable animals to produce identical offspring rapidly.
3. Reproductive cycles and patterns vary extensively among animals.
Mechanisms of Sexual Reproduction (pages 978-980)
1. Internal and external fertilization depend upon mechanisms ensuring that mature sperm encounter mature eggs of the same species.
2. Species with internal fertilization usually produce fewer zygotes but provide more parental care that species with external fertilzation.
3. Complex reproductive strategies have evolved in many animal phyla.
Mammalian Reproduction (pages 980-995)
1. Human reproduction involves intricate anatomy and complex behavior.
2. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis involve meiosis but differ in three significant ways.
3. A complex interplay of hormones regulates reproduction.
4. Embryonic and fetal development occurs during pregnancy in humans and other eutherian mammals.
5. Modern technology offers solutions for some reproductive problems.
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John C. Murphy |
Science |
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Phone: (815) 436-3200, ext. 2120 |
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jmurphy@learningcommunity202.org |
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© 2001 Plainfield Community Consolidated School District 202.